Subjective Type

How many electrons, protons, and neutrons does nitrogen $$-14$$ have? Is it an anion or cation?

Solution

$$7$$ electrons, $$7$$ protons, and $$7$$ neutrons.
Explanation:
Nitrogen-$$14$$ is actually an isotope of nitrogen, so right from the start, you can say that it is a neutral atom.
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. You know that nitrogen $$-14$$ has $$7$$ protons in the nucleus because it is an isotope of nitrogen, which has an atomic number equal to $$7$$.
Because nitrogen $$-14$$ is a neutral atom, the number of protons it has in its nucleus must be equal to the number of electrons that surround its nucleus.
neutral atom $$\Rightarrow$$ no. of protons = no. of electrons
Now, in order to find the number of neutrons present in the nucleus of a nitrogen-14 atom, you must use its mass number. The mass number of an isotope is added to the name of the isotope.
In this case, you have
nitrogen $$-14\Rightarrow$$ mass number $$=14$$
The mass number of an atom tells you the number of protons and neutrons located in the nucleus.
So you can say that
no. of protons + no. of neutrons $$=14$$
This implies that a nitrogen $$-14$$ atom contains
($$14$$ protons + neutrons) $$-7$$ protons $$=7$$ neutrons
Now, a nitrogen atom, regardless of its mass number, will always form $$3-$$ anions, $$N^{3-}$$. In other words, any nitrogen atom will take in $$3$$ electrons to complete its octet-- this happens because nitrogen located in group $$15$$ of the Periodic Table.

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