Solution

The gene for round seed shape is completely dominant over wrinkled seeds which lack the starch branching enzyme. This enzyme synthesizes a branched chain of starch known as amylopectin. Homozygous dominant genotypes have large starch grain and retain water, thereby resist shrinkage and wrinkling. Heterozygous dominant genotypes have half the quantity of starch grain as compared to homozygous dominant; show uniform shrinkage but no wrinkling. The recessive genotypes lack the starch grains and show rapid water loss during ripening resulting in wrinkled phenotype. Amylase catalyses starch hydrolysis into sugars; invertase catalyzes hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose while diastase hydrolyzes starch into maltose. The correct option is C.