State the various statements of Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Various statements on $$2nd$$ law of thermodynamic
(1) Internal energy of a closed system is increased by an adiabatic process the volume of system remain constant.
(2) Every process occurring in nature proceeds in the sense in which the sum of the entropies of all body taking part in process is increased.
(3) Heat can never pass from colder to a warmer body without some other change, connected there with occurring at the same time.
Calculate the heat of formation of carbon monoxide from the following data: $$C(S)+O_2(g)\rightarrow CO_2(g):\Delta H=−94$$kcal $$2CO(g)+O_2(g) \rightarrow 2 CO_2(g),\Delta H_2=−136 $$kcal Give your answer in positive integer.
For the reaction, $$C_{graphite} +\dfrac{1}{2} O_2(g)=CO(g)$$ at $$298 K$$ and 1 atm, $$\Delta H=-26416$$ cal. If the molar volume of graphite is $$0.0053$$ litre, calculate $$\Delta U$$.
Two moles of an ideal gas are held by a piston under 10 atm pressure at 273 K. The pressure is suddenly released to 0.4 atm and the gas is allowed to expand isothermally. Calculate W, q, $$\Delta U$$ and $$\Delta H$$.