Subjective Type

What are the empirical and molecular formulas of nicotine?

Solution

The empirical formula of a compound is the simplest formula that gives the ratio of atoms of each of the elements present in the compound.

On the other hand, the molecular formula provides, in addition to the ratio of atoms, the actual number of atoms of each of the elements present in the compound.

$$C_{5}H_{7}N$$ is the empirical formula of nicotine. It tells that in one molecule of nicotine there are 5 atoms of carbon for each 7 atoms hydrogen and 1 atom of nitrogen.

$$C_{10}H_{14}N_{2}$$ is the molecular formula of nicotine. It provides the ratio of atoms of each of the elements present 5:7:1. It also provides the actual number of atoms. It tells that in one molecule of nicotine there are 10 atoms of carbon, 14 atoms of hydrogen and 2 atoms of nitrogen.

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