Solution

An ideal gas is a gas that conforms, in physical behaviour, to a particular, idealized relation between pressure, volume, and temperature called the ideal gas law. This law is a generalization containing both Boyle's law and Charles's law as special cases and states that for a specified quantity of gas, the product of the volume, V, and pressure, P, is proportional to the absolute temperature T; i.e., in equation form, PV = kT, in which k is a constant. Such a relation for a substance is called its equation of state and is sufficient to describe its gross behaviour.

The ideal gas law can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases and relies on the assumptions that the gas consists of a large number of molecules, which are in random motion and obey Newton's laws of motion; the volume of the molecules is negligibly small compared to the volume occupied by the gas; and no forces act on the molecules except during elastic collisions of negligible duration.