Subjective Type

Describe hybridisation in the case of $$PCl_{5}$$ and $$SF_{6}$$. The axial bonds are longer as compared to equatorial bonds in $$PCl_{5}$$ whereas in $$SF_{6}$$ both axial bonds and equatorial bonds have the same bond length. Explain.

Solution

Formation of $$PCl_5$$ ($$sp^3d$$ hybridization): The ground state and the excited state outer electronic configurations of phosphorus (Z=15) are represented in Figure 1.

Three P—Cl bond lie in one plane and make an angle of $$120^o$$ with each other; these bonds are termed as equatorial bonds. The remaining two $$P—Cl$$ bonds—one lying above and the other lying below the equatorial plane, make an angle of $$90^o$$ with the plane. These bonds are called axial bonds. As the axial bond pairs suffer more repulsive interaction than the equatorial bond pairs, therefore axial bonds have been found to be slightly longer and hence slightly weaker than the equatorial bonds; which makes $$PCl_5$$ molecule more reactive.

Formation of $$SF_6$$ ($$sp^3d^2$$ hybridization): Molecule has a regular octahedral geometry as shown in Figure 2.

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