Subjective Type

Explain inductive and electromeric effect with examples.

Solution

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion. Positive inductive effect refers to electron releasing tendency of functional groups. For example, alkyl, aryl, metals, etc. Negative inductive effect refers to electron accepting tendency of functional groups.

The instantaneous formation of a dipole in the molecule of an organic compound due to the complete transfer of shared pi electron pairs to one of the atoms under the influence of an attacking reagent is referred to as the Electromeric effect.

+E Effect :- This effect occurs when the electron pair of the pi bond is moved towards the attacking reagent. The +E effect can be observed in the addition of acid to alkenes. The attacking reagent attaches itself to the atom which obtained an electron pair in the transfer.

Example : An example where the +E effect occurs is the protonation of ethene .

-E Effect :- This effect occurs when the electron pair of the pi bond is moved away from the attacking reagent. The attacking reagent attaches itself to the positively charged atom in the molecule, i.e. the atom which lost the electron pair in the transfer.

Example :An example where the -E effect occurs would be the addition of nucleophiles to carbonyl compounds .

SIMILAR QUESTIONS

Organic Chemistry

Shifting of electrons of multiple bonds under the influence of a reagent is called__________.

Organic Chemistry

The displacement of electrons in a multiple bond in the presence of attacking reagent is called:

Organic Chemistry

The electromeric effect in organic compounds is a:

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Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? $$Cl_3CCOOH> Cl_2CHCOOH> ClCH_2COOH$$

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Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids? $$CH_3CH_2COOH> (CH_3)_2CHCOOH> (CH_3)_3CCOOH$$

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Polarisation of electrons in acrolein may be written as :

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Fill in the blanks : The kind of delocalisation involving sigma bond orbitals is called ..............

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Fill in the blanks: Electromeric effect is a _______ effect in which ________ of electrons takes place from one atom to the other joined by a ________ bond.

Organic Chemistry

Which of the following hydrogens is most easily abstracted on reaction with bromine?

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